PECULIARITIES OF THE COGNITIVE SPHERE IN CHILDREN WITH DELAYED MENTAL DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Abstract. Purpose of the study — to study the level of development of attention, memory and thinking in children aged 4–6 years with mental retardation. The main objectives of the study: 1. To carry out a theoretical and methodological analysis of the content of the concepts of “cognitive sphere” and children with mental retardation in the scientific literature. 2. To clarify the features of the development of the cognitive sphere in preschoolers and preschoolers with mental retardation. 3. Empirically investigate the level of development of the cognitive sphere in preschoolers with mental retardation. Received further development of the idea of the possibility of the impact of correctional programs on the functions of the cognitive sphere of preschool children with mental retardation. The practical significance lies in the fact that the obtained research results, taking them into account in psycho-preventive, educational work with children with mental retardation, ensure the actualization and development of the cognitive spheres of preschoolers with mental retardation, optimize and accelerate their overall development, socialization and adaptation to the surrounding world. In our study, we used methods of collecting empirical information, including psychodiagnostic techniques: a method for diagnosing the state of visual memory “10 cards” of Luria; Wexler’s method “Consecutive pictures” to determine the formation of thought processes; method for diagnosing attention “Find and cross out” Nemov. The revealed data on the features of the development of the cognitive sphere of preschoolers with CRA can be used in lecture courses on age, pedagogical, social, special psychology, defectology, psychodiagnostics, psychocorrection by teachers of pedagogical universities.