ТРАДИЦІЇ ТА ІННОВАЦІЇ В ПАРЛАМЕНТАРИЗМІ: ЯК ВИБОРИ ФОРМУЮТЬ ПАРЛАМЕНТСЬКІ СТРУКТУРИ В КРАЇНАХ ІЗ НАЙСТАРІШИМИ ПАРЛАМЕНТАМИ
Ключові слова:
парламентські системи, мажоритарна система, пропорційна система, компенсація місць, метод д’Ондта, метод Сент-Лагю, вибори, інновації, демократія
Анотація
У статті проаналізовано еволюцію парламентських систем і виборчих процесів у кількох країнах із довгою історією парламентаризму, зокрема Великобританії, Данії, Ісландії, а також на територіях бейлевіків – Гернсі, Джерсі й Острів Мен. Усі ці країни мають унікальні парламентські традиції, які значною мірою формувалися протягом століть. Акцентовано на тому, як ці системи адаптувалися до змін у суспільстві та як у різні історичні періоди змінювалася структура й функції парламентів. Розглядається процес переходу від абсолютної монархії до конституційної на прикладі розвитку виборчих систем, де Великобританія з її мажоритарною системою зберігає стабільність через домінування двох основних партій, але обмежує представництво менших політичних сил. Порівняно із цим пропорційна система, що використовується в Данії та Ісландії, забезпечує більш точне відображення політичних уподобань виборців, сприяючи рівному представництву менших партій. Виборчі системи цих країн застосовують різні методи розподілу місць у парламенті, зокрема методи д’Ондта й Сент-Лагю, які сприяють більш пропорційному розподілу голосів між політичними силами. В Ісландії для компенсації можливих нерівностей між округами застосовуються коригувальні місця, які розподіляються на національному рівні. У Данії система компенсаторних мандатів працює через округи. Також досліджено інноваційні ініціативи, зокрема запровадження електронного голосування, що робить виборчий процес більш доступним і зручним для громадян, і кампанії, що спрямовані на залучення молоді до політичного процесу. Окрім того, особлива увага приділяється важливості збереження демократичних традицій у поєднанні із сучасними технологіями, що дає змогу підтримувати стабільність демократичних інститутів у різних країнах. Загалом підкреслено важливість балансування традицій та інновацій для досягнення більш справедливого й демократичного представництва в сучасному парламентському процесі.
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Опубліковано
2025-04-22
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ПОЛІТИЧНІ ІНСТИТУТИ ТА ПРОЦЕСИ В МІЖНАРОДНОМУ, РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ КО
