ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКА МЕМОРІАЛЬНА ПОЛІТИКА КРІЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ПОПУЛІСТСЬКИХ ТА КОНСЕРВАТИВНИХ РУХІВ: КРИТИКА І ВИКЛИКИ
Ключові слова:
політика пам’яті, європейська меморіальна політика, популістські рухи, консервативні рухи, ідентичність, національний суверенітет, європейська спадщина, культурний расизм, історичні наративи
Анотація
Статтю присвячено детальному аналізу впливу популістських і консервативних рухів на європейську меморіальну політику. Мета статті полягає у розкритті того, як ці політичні течії формують критику офіційних наративів і політик пам’яті в Європі, та вивченні викликів, які вони ставлять перед національними і європейськими дискурсами пам’яті. Аналіз охоплює два основних аспекти: критичний погляд на концепти «європейської спадщини» і «культурного ідентифікаціонізму» та вплив цих поглядів на сучасну меморіальну політику. У статті розглядаються конкретні приклади, зокрема як правопопулістські ідеї спотворюють європейську спадщину шляхом ностальгії за «старою Європою». У цьому контексті акцентується на ігноруванні колоніального минулого та спрощенні наративів про колоніальне насильство і Голокост. Оцінюється, як ці ідеї використовуються для підтримки націоналістичних наративів, що ставлять під сумнів мультикультурний підхід Європейського Союзу та політики пам’яті. Стаття також аналізує, як популістські та консервативні рухи критично ставляться до ЄС, уважаючи його «спілкою банкірів» і «примусовим плавильним котлом», що нав’язує політику мультикультуралізму та прийняття мігрантів. Розглянуто, як ці рухи, включаючи Національне об’єднання Марін Ле Пен і «Золоту Зорю» в Греції, виступають за повернення національного суверенітету та збереження культурної ідентичності на основі європейської спадщини, яка, на їхню думку, не має нічого спільного з ЄС. Окрема увага приділяється поняттю «нового расизму» або «культурного расизму», що характеризується відмовою від біологічних ієрархій і натомість акцентує культурні відмінності як підставу для виключення мігрантів. Аналізується, як правопопулістські ідеї виправдовують культурну неспівмірність як загрозу європейській ідентичності, тоді як нові праві ідеологи просувають концепцію етнорегіоналізму, що базується на культурному диференціалізмі і заперечує мультикультуралізм. Завдяки всебічному аналізу стаття має на меті розкрити трансформацію європейської меморіальної політики під впливом популістських і консервативних тенденцій та оцінити їхні наслідки для європейської політики пам’яті й ідентичності.
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2024-12-04
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ПОЛІТИЧНІ ІНСТИТУТИ ТА ПРОЦЕСИ В МІЖНАРОДНОМУ, РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ КО
